The Computer today can do all the works of man. After invention of the computer, the gap between a man and a machine has been connected.
Computer has expended its functionality seen it was developed. Computer today are smarter and faster.
Modern Computers today are used in every office, building, school etc. Computer are also used in forecasting the weather, operate machine/robots, printing book/ news papers. also in diagnosing a disease, In travel agents all around the world they can know whether a room or bed will be available in an airplane or in a hotel. Companies use the computer for accounting, invoicing, stock control etc. In editing photos, music, or even in videos or movies, computer are used also today in creating movies, audio etc.
In home computers now is more used that a television back in the old days, actually even Television today has a computer or a feature of a Computer. They can watch movies, listen to music and even play games if they have the necessary requirements for playing a certain games. I think the computer is more reliable today, then in older days. computer are mainly use in calculating digits. now computers can do what a human desire it to do. And its still Modern Computers today are still upgrading, getting smaller in size expect for the display personally I think monitors will be more bigger in near future, and for other devices to be more smaller and portable.
History of Computers
Friday, August 9, 2013
Tuesday, July 16, 2013
ABACUS
The abacus (plural Abaci or Abacuses), also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool used primarily in parts of Asia for performing arithmetic processes. Today, abaci are often constructed as a bamboo frame with beads sliding on wires, but originally they were beans or stones moved in grooves in sand or on tablets of wood, stone, or metal. The abacus was in use centuries before the adoption of the written modern numeral system and is still widely used by merchants, traders and clerks in Asia, Africa, and elsewhere. The user of an abacus is called an abacist.
NAPIER'S BONE
Napier's bones, also called Napier's rods, are numbered rods which can be used to perform multiplication of any number by a number
2-9. By placing "bones" corresponding to the multiplier
on the left side and the bones corresponding to the digits of the multiplicand
next to it to the right, and product can be read off simply by adding pairs of numbers
(with appropriate carries as needed) in the row determined by the multiplier.
This process was published by Napier in 1617 an a book titled Rabdologia,
so the process is also called rabdology.
There are ten bones corresponding to the digits 0-9, and a special eleventh bone that is used the represent the multiplier. The multiplier bone is simply a list of the digits 1-9 arranged vertically downward. The remainder of the bones each have a digit written in the top square, with the multiplication table for that digits written downward, with the digits split by a diagonal line going from the lower left to the upper right. In practice, multiple sets of bones were needed for multiplication of numbers containing repeated digits.
There are ten bones corresponding to the digits 0-9, and a special eleventh bone that is used the represent the multiplier. The multiplier bone is simply a list of the digits 1-9 arranged vertically downward. The remainder of the bones each have a digit written in the top square, with the multiplication table for that digits written downward, with the digits split by a diagonal line going from the lower left to the upper right. In practice, multiple sets of bones were needed for multiplication of numbers containing repeated digits.
CHARLES BABBAGE
Charles Babbage (1791-1871), computer pioneer, designed two classes of
engine, Difference Engines, and Analytical Engines. Difference engines
are so called because of the mathematical principle on which they are
based, namely, the method of finite differences. The beauty of the
method is that it uses only arithmetical addition and removes the need
for multiplication and division which are more difficult to implement
mechanically.
SCHICKARD CALCULATING CLOCK
A 1623 letter from William Schickard to astronomer Johannes Kepler is the only surviving record of Schickard’s calculator.
Schickard combined Napier’s Bones, for multiplication and division, with a toothed-wheel system to add and subtract. It is the earliest known mechanical four-function calculator.
Schickard combined Napier’s Bones, for multiplication and division, with a toothed-wheel system to add and subtract. It is the earliest known mechanical four-function calculator.
SLIDE RULE
The slide rule (often nicknamed a "slipstick") is a mechanical
analog computer, consisting of calibrated strips, usually a fixed outer
pair and a movable inner one, with a sliding window called the cursor.
It was the most commonly used calculation tool in science and
engineering. Their use began to wane as computers were introduced,
starting in the 1950s, and the scientific calculator made them largely
obsolete by the early 1970s. Despite their similar appearance, a slide
rule serves a purpose different from that of a standard ruler: a ruler
measures physical distances and aids in drawing straight lines, while a
slide rule performs mathematical operations.
THE PASCALINE
Blaise Pascal is credited with inventing a calculator, advanced for its time, called the Pascaline.
In 1642, Blaise Pascal, while only eighteen years old invented a device to help his father who worked as a tax collector do his job. Pascal invented one of the first calculators called the Pascaline. The Pascaline was only able to do addition with ease. It used 8 dials to add numbers up to 8 figures long. As one dial moved to 10 notches it moved the next dial up a notch. The photo to the right is an actual Pascaline signed by Blaise Pascal himself.
In 1642, Blaise Pascal, while only eighteen years old invented a device to help his father who worked as a tax collector do his job. Pascal invented one of the first calculators called the Pascaline. The Pascaline was only able to do addition with ease. It used 8 dials to add numbers up to 8 figures long. As one dial moved to 10 notches it moved the next dial up a notch. The photo to the right is an actual Pascaline signed by Blaise Pascal himself.
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